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As well as its great importance for the chemical and foodstuffs industries, ethanol (alcohol) is increasingly used as a fuel. The CE 640 can be used to conduct realistic experiments for the production of ethanol from starch-based raw materials such as potatoes. The system consists of three main components: a mash tank, a fermentation tank and a distillation unit.
A mixture of water, mechanically macerated potatoes and alpha-amylase (enzyme) is poured into the mash tank. To dissolve the tightly packed starch chains in the potatoes, heating steam is injected into the mixture via a nozzle (gelatinisation). This increases the flow resistance of the mash, which would prevent further processes. The alpha-amylase breaks up the starch chains (liquefying) thereby reducing the flow resistance. Gluco-amylase is used to convert the starch into sugar (saccharification). This enzyme requires lower temperatures and pH values. The temperature is reduced using the water cooling jacket around the mash tank, the pH value is reduced by the addition of acid. After saccharification the mash is pumped into the fermentation tank. During the fermentation process in this tank, ethanol is produced. A water cooling system controls the temperature. After the fermentation process, the mash is pumped into the distillation unit. This is equipped with a bubble tray column for separation of the ethanol. Two vessels are available, one for the spent mash, the other for the distilled ethanol. The system has comprehensive measurement, control and operating functions, which are controlled via a PLC. A touch screen displays measured values and permits the operation of the system.
Learning Objectives / Experiments:
Familiarization with the necessary individual steps and system components for production of ethanol alcohol:
- Gelatinization by steam injection
- Liquefaction by use of alpha-amylase
- Saccharification by use of gluco-amylase
- Fermentation: conversion of sugar into ethanol by yeast cultures under anaerobic conditions
- Distillation: separation of ethanol from the mash
Data Sheet...
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